Chigawo chachikulu cha diamondi ndi carbon, yomwe ndi mchere wopangidwa ndi zinthu za carbon.Ndi allotrope ya graphite yokhala ndi mankhwala a C, omwenso ndi thupi loyambirira la diamondi wamba.Daimondi ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe.Daimondi ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira yopanda mtundu mpaka yakuda.Zitha kukhala zowonekera, zowonekera kapena zowoneka bwino.Ma diamondi ambiri amakhala achikasu, zomwe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zonyansa zomwe zili mu diamondi.Mlozera wa refractive wa diamondi ndiwokwera kwambiri, komanso momwe dispersion imagwirira ntchito ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake diamondi imawonetsa kuwala kokongola.Daimondi itulutsa fulorosisi yobiriwira yobiriwira pansi pa X-ray.
Ma diamondi ndi miyala yawo, ndipo m’madera ena amanyamulidwa ndi mitsinje ndi madzi oundana.Daimondi nthawi zambiri imakhala granular.Ngati diamondi yatenthedwa kufika 1000 ° C, pang'onopang'ono imasanduka graphite.Mu 1977, munthu wakumudzi ku Changlin, Sushan Township, Linshu County, m'chigawo cha Shandong, adapeza diamondi yayikulu kwambiri ku China pansi.Ma diamondi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi ma diamondi amtengo wapatali amapangidwa ku South Africa, onse oposa 3,100 carat (1 carat = 200 mg).Ma diamondi amtengo wapatali ndi 10 × 6.5 × 5 masentimita mu kukula ndipo amatchedwa "Cullinan".M'zaka za m'ma 1950, United States idagwiritsa ntchito graphite ngati zida zopangira bwino kupanga diamondi zopangira pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika.Tsopano diamondi zopangira zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga komanso moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Njira yamakina a diamondi ndi c.mtundu wa kristalo wa diamondi nthawi zambiri ndi octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron ndi kuphatikiza kwawo.Pamene palibe zonyansa, zimakhala zopanda mtundu komanso zowonekera.Ikachita ndi mpweya, imapanganso mpweya woipa, womwe uli wa carbon elemental womwewo monga graphite.Bond angle ya diamondi crystal ndi 109 ° 28 ', yomwe ili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi monga zolimba kwambiri, zosavala, zokhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kutentha kwa matenthedwe, semiconductor ndi kufalikira kwakutali.Imadziwika kuti "mfumu ya kuuma" komanso mfumu ya miyala yamtengo wapatali.Mbali ya diamondi crystal ndi madigiri 54 44 mphindi 8 masekondi.Mwachikhalidwe, anthu nthawi zambiri amatcha diamondi yokonzedwa ndi diamondi yosakonzedwa.Ku China, dzina la diamondi linapezeka koyamba m'malemba Achibuda.Daimondi ndiye chinthu chovuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe.Mtundu wabwino kwambiri ndi wopanda mtundu, koma palinso mitundu yapadera, monga buluu, wofiirira, golide wachikasu, etc. Ma diamondi achikudawa ndi osowa ndipo ndi chuma cha diamondi.India ndi dziko lodziwika kwambiri lopanga diamondi m'mbiri.Tsopano ma diamondi ambiri otchuka padziko lapansi, monga "phiri la kuwala", "Regent" ndi "Orlov", amachokera ku India.Kupanga diamondi ndikosowa kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, diamondi yomalizidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo mabiliyoni a voliyumu yamigodi, motero mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri.Pambuyo kudula, diamondi nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira, amakona anayi, lalikulu, oval, oboola mtima, peyala wooneka ngati maolivi, zisonga, etc. diamondi yolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi "curinan" yopangidwa ku South Africa mu 1905. Imalemera 3106.3 carats ndipo wakhala kupangidwa kukhala ma diamondi 9 ang'onoang'ono.Mmodzi wa iwo, curinan 1, wotchedwa "African star", akadali woyamba padziko lapansi.
Ma diamondi ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Malinga ndi ntchito zawo, ma diamondi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: diamondi zamtengo wapatali (zokongoletsa) ndi diamondi zamakampani.
Ma diamondi amtengo wapatali amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa zodzikongoletsera monga mphete za diamondi, mikanda, ndolo, corsages, ndi zinthu zapadera monga nduwira ndi ndodo zachifumu, komanso kusonkhanitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, malonda a diamondi amakhala pafupifupi 80% ya malonda onse pachaka padziko lonse lapansi.
Ma diamondi amtundu wa mafakitale akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi kukana bwino kuvala, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula, kugaya, ndi kubowola;ufa wa diamondi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zapamwamba kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo:
1. Kupanga utomoni chomangira abrasive zida kapenazida zopera, ndi zina.
2. KupangaZida Zopera Zachitsulo za Daimondi, zida za ceramic bond abrasive kapena zida zopera, etc.
3. Kupanga ma stratum geological kubowola bits, semiconductor ndi zida zopanda zitsulo zodulira zida, etc.
4. Kupanga ma hard-stratum geological drill bits, zida zowongolera ndi zida zopanda zitsulo zolimba komanso zosalimba, ndi zina.
5. Utomoni wa diamondi zopukutira, zida za ceramic chomangira abrasive kapena akupera, etc.
6. Zitsulo chomangira abrasive zida ndi electroplated mankhwala.Zida zoboola kapena kugaya, etc.
7. Zida zocheka, kubowola ndi kukonza, etc.
Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makampani ankhondo komanso ukadaulo wamlengalenga.
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha sayansi ndi zamakono ndi mafakitale amakono, kugwiritsa ntchito diamondi kudzakhala kokulirapo komanso kokulirapo, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kudzakhala kochulukira.Zida zachilengedwe za diamondi ndizosowa kwambiri.Kulimbikitsa kupanga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi wa diamondi yopangira chidzakhala cholinga cha mayiko onse padziko lapansi.imodzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-05-2022